Ligaments and Tendons

Read the information below, write a summary of it using your own words (it can be either in English, or Spanish). Then copy and paste the exercise at the bottom, and send both to my e-mail. Subject: TEyournameP1WP4

Ligaments:

OLigaments are stretchy bands of tissue that, in most cases, hold one bone to another. They are a key part of what allows most joints to move, help control their range of motion, and stabilize them so that the bones move in proper alignment. Some parts of the peritoneum, the membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity, are also called ligaments although they perform a different function.

OStructure

OProteins known as collagen make up the tissue in most ligaments. Groups of these proteins form long, flexible, thread-like strands, or fibers.

OThe composition of these fibers allows them to stretch significantly when they move, such as when the elbow is bent or straightened. Collagen fibers are often arranged in crossing patterns, which helps prevent the joint from moving past its normal range of motion despite the ligament's flexibility.

TENDONS

A tendon is a tough yet flexible band of fibrous tissue. The tendon is the structure in your body that connects a muscle to a bone .

Difference between Tendons and Ligaments:

OTendons connect muscle to bone. These tough yet flexible bands of fibrous tissue attach the skeletal muscles to the bones they move. Essentially, tendons enable you to move; think of them as intermediaries between muscles and bones. You've most likely heard of the Achilles tendon (named after the Greek demigod hero with the fatal weakness in his eponymous tendon), which connects the muscles of the calf to the heel bone. This tendon is vulnerable to tearing and tendonitis, so do take care and stretch the calf muscle to keep the tendon flexible too.

OThough similar to tendons, ligaments connect bone to bone and help to stabilize joints they surround. They are composed mostly of long, stringy collagen fibers that create bands of tough, fibrous connective tissue. Ligaments are slightly elastic, so they can be stretched and gradually lengthen, increasing flexibility. But if stretched beyond a certain point, ligaments can become overstretched and compromise the integrity of the joint they are supposed to be stabilizing — so stretch with caution. The term double-jointed actually refers to people who have highly elastic ligaments, which allow them to move their joints into more extreme positions than most people. While no ligament plays a major role in Greek myths, the ligaments found in the knee, especially the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament), are often talked about on the sports page, since they are prone to tearing, sidelining quarterbacks, soccer stars, and skiers alike.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING EXERCISE:

Common Names

1. funny bone _____

2. knee cap_____

3. collar bone _____

4. hip bone _____

5. thigh bone _____

6. jaw bone _____

7. ankle bones _____

8. heel bone _____

9. wrist bones _____

10. cheek bone _____

11. shoulder blade _____

12. breast bone _____

13. shin bone _____

14. tail bone _____ 

Latin Based Names

A. calcaneous

B. carpals

C. clavicle

D. coxal

E. coccyx

F. femur

G. mandible

H. medial malleolus of the tibia or lateral malleolus of the fibula

I. olecranon process of the ulna

J. patella

K. scapula

L. sternum

M. tibia

N. zygomatic