Digestive System II

1. Copy and answer the following quiz .

Enteritis ____ Hemorrhoids ­____ Colostomy ____ Binge ____ Achalasia ___ Mumps ____ Anorexia ____ Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) ____ Constipation ____ Bulimia (hyperphagia) ____ Stools ____ Diarrhea ____ Gastritis ____ Bolus ____ Laxative ____ Purge ____ Bowels ____ Peptic ulcer ____ Emesis ____ Chyme ____

a)      vomiting. b)      a medicine or agent used to relieve constipation; also called a purgative. c)      brief excessive consumption of food. d)      an open from the colon through the abdominal wall. e)      inflammation of the stomach. f)       common term for feces or excrement. g)      to remove or cleanse of something, vomiting or laxatives are used to eliminate food consumed during a binge. h)      failure of a digestive sphincter to relax. i)        an unusually large and constant appetite. j)        erosion (ulcer) of the mucosa of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum caused by stomach acid. k)      viral infection of the parotid salivary gland. l)        Food has been swallowed and mixed with water and digestive enzymes, and is passing through the small intestines. m)    food that has been swallowed and has mixed with water and digestive enzymes and is passing through the small intestines. n)      inflammation of the small intestines o)      an itching, painful mass of dilated veins either just inside the anal sphincter or protruding outside the anal sphincter. p)      condition of difficult defecation caused by dry, hardened feces. q)      increased frequency and fluidity of bowel movements. r)       loss of appetite and inability to eat. s)       food that has been chewed and mixed with saliva and is ready for swallowing. t)        the intestines or part of the intestines i.e. large bowel u)      a condition in which a weak or damages lower esophageal sphincter allows the acidic contents of the stomach to reflux into the lower part of the esophagus.

Open the digestive system pdf document.  (here)
read the article on page 7
Copy and answer the exercises about appendicitis on pages 8 & 9.

• Send the answers to my e-mail with the subject: TEyournameP2WP2

Digestive System I

Copy the diagram and, the names of the organs, and the definitions below. On the first line write the letter to the location of the organ. On the second line write the number of the definition that corresponds to
 each organ.

 Appendix ____  ____

Common bile duct ____  ____
Duodenum ____  ____
Esophagus ____  ____
Gall bladder ____  ____
Large intestines ____  ____
Liver ____  ____
Pancreas ____  ____
Rectum ____  ____
Salivary gland ____  ____
Small intestines ____  ____
Stomach ____  ____

1. It is the first section of the small intestine where most of the chemical digestion takes place.

2. Its function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass useless waste material from the body
3. It is the final straight portion of the large intestine, it acts as a temporary storage site for feces.
4. It is located near the junction of the small intestine and the large intestine.
5. It is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as a digestive organ, secreting a juice containing digestive enzymes that assist the absorption of nutrients.
6. Glands with ducts that produce a substance that moistens food. They also secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose
7. It is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach and followed by the large intestine, and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place.
8. The conduction of bile is the main function of this structure.
9. It is a small organ that aids mainly in fat digestion and concentrates bile produced by the liver.
10. It is a vital organ that has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion
11. It is a muscular, hollow, dilated part of the alimentary canal which functions as an important organ of the digestive tract. It is involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication (chewing).
12. It is an organ in which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach.

Read the article on page 2 of this link and answer the exercise on page 3.
Go to page 6 of the same document, write the definition and Spanish translation of the following terms...

Anorexia, Binge, Bolus, Bulimia, Chyme, Constipation, Diarrhea, Emesis, Gastroenteritis, Jaundice, Mumps, Purge, Tarry stools.

 Send the file to my e-mail with the name: TEYour name, Partial 2 WP1

Ligaments and Tendons

Read the information below, write a summary of it using your own words (it can be either in English, or Spanish). Then copy and paste the exercise at the bottom, and send both to my e-mail. Subject: TEyournameP1WP4

Ligaments:

OLigaments are stretchy bands of tissue that, in most cases, hold one bone to another. They are a key part of what allows most joints to move, help control their range of motion, and stabilize them so that the bones move in proper alignment. Some parts of the peritoneum, the membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity, are also called ligaments although they perform a different function.

OStructure

OProteins known as collagen make up the tissue in most ligaments. Groups of these proteins form long, flexible, thread-like strands, or fibers.

OThe composition of these fibers allows them to stretch significantly when they move, such as when the elbow is bent or straightened. Collagen fibers are often arranged in crossing patterns, which helps prevent the joint from moving past its normal range of motion despite the ligament's flexibility.

TENDONS

A tendon is a tough yet flexible band of fibrous tissue. The tendon is the structure in your body that connects a muscle to a bone .

Difference between Tendons and Ligaments:

OTendons connect muscle to bone. These tough yet flexible bands of fibrous tissue attach the skeletal muscles to the bones they move. Essentially, tendons enable you to move; think of them as intermediaries between muscles and bones. You've most likely heard of the Achilles tendon (named after the Greek demigod hero with the fatal weakness in his eponymous tendon), which connects the muscles of the calf to the heel bone. This tendon is vulnerable to tearing and tendonitis, so do take care and stretch the calf muscle to keep the tendon flexible too.

OThough similar to tendons, ligaments connect bone to bone and help to stabilize joints they surround. They are composed mostly of long, stringy collagen fibers that create bands of tough, fibrous connective tissue. Ligaments are slightly elastic, so they can be stretched and gradually lengthen, increasing flexibility. But if stretched beyond a certain point, ligaments can become overstretched and compromise the integrity of the joint they are supposed to be stabilizing — so stretch with caution. The term double-jointed actually refers to people who have highly elastic ligaments, which allow them to move their joints into more extreme positions than most people. While no ligament plays a major role in Greek myths, the ligaments found in the knee, especially the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament), are often talked about on the sports page, since they are prone to tearing, sidelining quarterbacks, soccer stars, and skiers alike.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING EXERCISE:

Common Names

1. funny bone _____

2. knee cap_____

3. collar bone _____

4. hip bone _____

5. thigh bone _____

6. jaw bone _____

7. ankle bones _____

8. heel bone _____

9. wrist bones _____

10. cheek bone _____

11. shoulder blade _____

12. breast bone _____

13. shin bone _____

14. tail bone _____ 

Latin Based Names

A. calcaneous

B. carpals

C. clavicle

D. coxal

E. coccyx

F. femur

G. mandible

H. medial malleolus of the tibia or lateral malleolus of the fibula

I. olecranon process of the ulna

J. patella

K. scapula

L. sternum

M. tibia

N. zygomatic